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Westergasfabriek in Amsterdam
It is well known that sites of former manufactured-gas plants (MGPs) tend to be heavily contaminated. See for example the data (gegevens) for one of the many former MGP sites in the world - prior to remediation. Below are some literature references (up to 2000).

  • Borron S W and Baud F J Toxicity, Cyanide from Emergency Medicine/Toxicology
  • De Graaf (1998) Het blauwe gifterrein was jarenlang vrij toegankelijk. De Volkskrant, 7 februari 1998. (About a Belgian site.)
  • Didde R. (1995) Een zandfilter kan de was doen. Cyanidehoudend grondwater kan gezuiverd via het riool. Delta, 6.
  • Eisler R. (1991) Cyanide hazards to fish, wildlife, and invertebrates: a synoptic review. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv., Biol. Rep., 85 (1.23), 55pp.
  • EPA: Westergasfabriek - Collaboration of local government and community. An international brownfields case study.
  • Ghosh, R.S., Dzombak D.A., and Luthy R.G. (1999) Equilibrium precipitation and dissolution of iron cyanide solids in water. ironmental Engineering Science,16(4), 293-313.
  • Ghosh, R.S., Dzombak D.A., Luthy R.G., and Nakles D.V. (1999) Subsurface fate and transport of cyanide species at a manufactured-gas plant site. Water Environment Research, 71(6), 1205-1216.
  • Kjeldsen P. (1999) Behaviour of cyanides in soil and groundwater: a review. Water, Air and Soil Pollution, 115 , 279-307.
  • Marlet G. (1999) Buurtbewoners omarmen hun oude gifpark. Trouw, 17 September 1999.
  • Meeussen J.C.L., Temminghof E.J.M., Keizer M.G., and Novozamsky I. (1989) Spectrophotometric determination of total cyanide, iron-cyanide complexes, free cyanide and thiocyanate in water by a continuous-flow system. Analyst, 114, 959-963.
  • Meeussen J.C.L., Keizer M.G., and De Haan F.A. (1992) The chemical stability and decomposition rate of iron cyanide complexes in soil solutions. Environ. Sci. Technol., 26, 511-516.
  • Meeussen J.C.L., Keizer M.G., and Lukassen W.D. (1992b) Determination of total and free cyanide in water after distillation. Analyst, 117, 1009-1012.
  • Meeussen J.C.L., Keizer M.G., Van Riemsdijk W.H. and De Haan F.A. (1992c) Dissolution behavior of iron cyanide (Prussian Blue) in contaminated soils. Environ. Sci. Technol., 26, 1832-1836.
  • Meeussen J.C.L. and Keizer M.G. (1993) Cyanide in de bodem: relatie chemie en risico-evaluatie. Bodem, 1, 15-17.
  • Meeussen J.C.L., Keizer, M.G., Van Riemsdijk W.H., and De Haan F.A.M. (1994) Solubility of cyanide in contaminated soils. J. Environ. Qual., 23, 785-792.
  • Meeussen J.C.L., Van Riemsdijk W.H., and Van der Zee S.E.A.T.M. (1995) Transport of complexed cyanide in soil. Geoderma, 67, 73-85.
  • Moran, R. (2000) Cyanide uncertainties. Observations on the chemistry, toxicity, and analysis of cyanide in mining-related waters. MPC Issue Paper no.1, Mineral Policy Center, Washington, USA.
  • OMEGAM (1998) Analysevoorschriften versie 98.1, 96 pages.
  • ORNL, USA: Toxicity Summary for cyanide
  • Pelgrim B. (2000) Oranjebolwerk voor zomer klaar. Provinciale Zeeuwse Courant
  • Persbericht (press release): Provincie Drenthe (1997) Provincie rondt sanering gasfabriek Hoogeveen af.



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